An ethno-botanical study of indigenous medicinal plants and their usage in rural valleys of Swabi and Hazara region of Pakistan

Abstract An ethnobotanical study was conducted to document indigenous medicinal plants and their usage from knowledgeable elderly persons in Razzar Gadoon valley of Swabi Allai Tanawal Hazara region Pakistan during 2016-2019. Several systematic field visits questionnaire surveys were carried out selected sites the area gather relevant information local community. Rapid assessment method adopted for data collection by interviewing people having enough knowledge use treatment different ailments. UV (UV) formula applied calculate relative importance plant species each site area. In present study, 221 belonging 105 families have been reported through 580 respondents (385 males, 138 females 57 health healer) region. The main sources herbal medicines leaves (21%) followed fruits (21%), seeds (17%), whole (14%), roots (9%), bark flowers (7%) gum (2%). Mentha spicata L. Berberis lycium Royle with highest i.e. 0.92 0.68 tehsil Swabi, whereas longifolia L Geranium wallichianum D (0.65) (0.88) region, respectively. It concluded that is rich associated traditional knowledge. Moreover, ethno-medicines played significant role healthcare system However, uprooting entire ethno-medicine a big threat conservation diversity